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c3a4h.htf
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1997-01-20
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C3A4h
Subjunctive Mood
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13
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The subjunctive mood is used (1) in
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that
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clauses to express
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a demand, suggestion, or request; (2) in sentences with
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wish
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; and (3) in
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if
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,
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as if
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, or
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as though
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clauses to express
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something unlikely or contrary-to-fact. In the subjunctive,
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use
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were
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or
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be
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; in subjunctive
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that
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clauses, regular verbs do
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not take an
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s
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but always use the base infinitive form.
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17
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The examples below are shown first in present tense
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subjunctive, then in past tense subjunctive.
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present tense subjunctive
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13
1
I wish I
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knew
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the results.
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(wish takes the past tense
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[knew]
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to show present time)
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13
1
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13
1
I insist that she
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be seated
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by the window.
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1
(
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be
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is used for all forms of the verb
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to be
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in subjunctive
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13
1
that
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clauses)
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13
1
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1
I suggest that he
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visit
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his aunt.
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(present tense is always used in subjunctive
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that
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clauses,
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note that the verb does not take an
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s
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, even with third
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13
1
person singular
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[he visit]
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)
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13
1
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13
1
If I
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were
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in Hawaii, I would go surfing.
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1
(
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were
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shows present time)
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13
1
17
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13
1
past tense subjunctive
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13
1
I wish I
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had known
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the results.
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13
1
(wish takes the past perfect tense
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[had known]
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to show
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13
1
past time)
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13
1
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13
1
I insisted that she
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be seated
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by the window.
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13
1
(
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insist
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changes to past tense to show past time,
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that
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13
1
clause remains the same)
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13
1
17
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13
1
I suggested that he
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visit
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his aunt.
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13
1
(
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suggest
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changes to past tense to show past time,
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that
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13
1
clause remains the same)
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13
1
17
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13
1
If I
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had been
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in Hawaii, I would have gone surfing.
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13
1
(past perfect tense shows past time)
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13
1
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13
1
The subjunctive is used with
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if
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and
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as if
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clauses to show
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that the statement is contrary to fact or unlikely.
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If I
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were
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the manager, I would do things differently.
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13
1
(The speaker is not the manager.)
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13
1
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1
When we went on that new space ride, we felt as
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if we
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were
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really flying through outer space!
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(The speaker was not really flying.)
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13
1
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Although the subjunctive may seem unusual, it is in common
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usage in several everyday expressions: "be that as it may,"
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"suffice it to say," "as it were," "if I were you," and "I wish I
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1
knew."
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13
1
13
1
